" Basic Elements of Computer System "

 Basic Elements

At a top level, a computer consists of processor, memory ,and I/O components, with one or more modules of each type. These components are interconnected in some fashion to achieve the main function of the computer, which is to execute programs. Thus, there are four main structural elements:

• Processor:

Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions. When there is only one processor, it is often referred to as the central processing unit( CPU).

• Main Memory:

Store data and programs. this memory is typically volatile; it is also referred to as real memory or primary memory.

• I/O modules:

Move data between the computer and its external environment. The external environment consists of a variety of external devices , including secondary memory devices, communication equipment, and terminals.

• System bus:

Some structures and mechanisms that provide for communication among processor , main memory , and I/O modules.

                      Computer Components

A memory module consists of a set of locations, defined by sequentially numbered addresses. Each location contains a binary number that can be interpreted as either an instruction or data . an i/o module transfers data from external devices to processor and memory and vice versa. It contains internal buffers for temporarily holding data until they can be sent on.