"Embedded Systems Explained: How They Work & Their Essential Components"

 

  Embedded System

Definition


“ An embedded system is a system that has embedded software and computer-hardware, which makes it a system dedicated for an application or specific part of an application or product or a part of a larger system. "

  •   It is , any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself intended to be a general-purpose computer and a fax machine or a clock built from a microprocessor is an embedded computing system. 
  • Embedded microcontrollers is embedded system are electronic system that contain a microprocessor or microcontroller, but we do not think of them as computer the computer is hidden or embedded in the system.
  •  Embedded software primer “ People use the term embedded system to mean any computer system hidden in any of these products.” A system is a way of working , organizing or doing one or many tasks according to a fixed plan, program, or set of rules.
  •  A system is also an arrangement in which all its units assemble and work together according to the plan or program.    

 A computer is a system that has the following or more components -
  • A microprocessor.
  • A large memory of the following two kind: 
             - Primary memory( semiconductor memories: Random Access Memory(RAM) , Read Only Memory(ROM) and Fast Accessible Caches).

              - Secondary memory ( magnetic memory located in hard disks, diskettes and cartridge tapes, optical memory in CD-ROMs or memory sticks ( in mobile computers ) ) using which different user programs can be loaded into the primary memory and run.

  • I/O units such as touch screen, modem ,fax cum modem etc.
  • Input units such as keyboard , mice , digitizer , scanner , etc.
  • Output units such as an LCD screen , video monitor , printer , etc.
  • Networking units such as an ethernet card , front - end processor -based server , bus drivers, etc.
  • An operating system ( OS) that has general purpose user and application software in the secondary memory.

Main Components Embedded System 

  • It embeds hardware similar to a computer.
  • It embeds main application software. the application software may concurrently perform a series of tasks or processes or threads.
  • It embeds a real time operating system (RTOS) that supervises the application software running on hardware and organizes access to a resource according to the priorities of tasks in the system. It provides a mechanism  to let the processor run a process as scheduled and context-switch between the various processes. 






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